View Factors in Horizontal Plane Fixed-Mode Solar PV Fields

In solar PV fields, photovoltaic panels are typically arranged in parallel rows one after the other. This arrangement introduces variations distribution of irradiance over entire field, compared to measurements recorded at meteorological weather stations and data obtained from climatic database platforms. is due difference view factors between field a single surface, as well presence shade on rear sides space separating rows. These phenomena combined will reduce intensity incident field; consequently energy yields. Accurate estimation radiation fields requires knowledge sky, ground, side preceding row factors, an time occupied by row’s shadow. Prior literature has addressed this issue using two-dimensional (2-D) techniques such crossed-strings method (CSM). study developed novel three-dimensional (3-D) analysis addition numerical determine associated with fields. The uses both isotropic anisotropic transposition analyses varying tilt angles distance (distance aspect ratio) for several latitudes. present research also tested validity CSM wide ranges length ratios, results show that shows good agreements sky ground factor range ratio greater than one. But fails rear-side design where error rate was found about 11%, result important case bifacial systems. Also, work calculated surface conditions ensure accuracy low latitudes most rooftop systems While it remarked large cloudy skies, exceeded 17% equals 1.5 15.5% 2.0.